750-1000 words (1 page has approximately 250-300 words)
In-text and final APA style referencing
2 reliable web sources and 2 scholarly articles (from Google Scholar)
Steps to writing a research essay
1. Choose a topic (Oct 4)
What are the causes of animal extinction?
2. Post a working outline (2%) Oct 5
☆Ｔhesis
Deforestation, water pollution, and an alien speices of animals accelerate the animal extinction.
1, Desforestation leads to decrease the number of animals.
Decreasing the number of forest
Decreasing the place where animals live
2, Another reason of animal extinction is water pollution.
Littering
Spoil oil
Polluted water from argriculture
3, Finally, an alien species of animals encourage animal extinctoin.
Import and abandonment
Attaching to people and luggage
Destroying the ecosystem by introduced animals
3. Find keywords (1%) Oct 5
List 15 keywords to prepare for your research
invasive species , Red list, environment, competieor, pollution, deforestation, ecosystem, introduced animals, litter, sewage,
abandonment, animal population, risk, habitat, IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)
4. Find and evaluate 2-3 web sources (3%) Oct 9
Michael Mccarthy & Julia Whitty.(April 30,2007). Animal Extinction - the greatest threat to mankind. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/animal-extinction--the-greatest-threat-to-mankind-397939.html
Michael McCarthy is one of Britain writers on the environment and the natural world. He has three times been Environment Journalist of the Year (1991, 2003 and 2006) and was Specialist Writer of the Year in the British Press Awards in 2001. In 2007 he was awarded the medal of the RSPB for "Oustanding Services to Conservation" – that it has been given to a journalist – and in 2009 he was given the Marsh Award for Lepidoptera Conservation. This website is free from bias because wikipidea said that they published fairly articles. Because this site is news site, it update everyday. In 2009 he published Say Goodbye To The Cuckoo (John Murray), a study of Britain's declining migrant birds. On the other and, Julia Whitty is an environmental correspondent and she is also author of fiction and nonfiction books. She won a prize for her books- Deep Blue Hpme, The Fragile Edge, A Tortoise for the Queen of Tongs. This article is published by the Independent, which is British news paper in London, on April 30, 2007. This article said how many and what kind of animals were died. Furthermore it reffers to cause of animal extinction. So I can use it to conform the reasons of extinct animals and to show the number of those.
Saraf Horsley.(July 2, 2009).Wildlife crisis worse than economic crisishttp://www.iucn.org/fr/propos/union/secretariat/bureaux/paco/?3460/1/Wildlife-crisis-worse-than-economic-crisis--IUCN
Sarah is the IUCN Media Relations officer. I could not find her profile or more details. However, IUCN, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the world's oldest and largest gloval environmental organization. It was founded in 1948 as the world’s first global environmental organization. It consists of about 11,000 voluntary scientists and experts. Furthermore, more than 200+ government and 900+ non-government organization help the IUCN. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. The Union’s headquarters are located in Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland. So I think this website and articles are relyable sources for my research paper. This articles akso said about the nuber and kinds of extinct animals.
Rhett Butler.(July 22, 2012).Deforestation and Extinction. Retrieverd from http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0908.htm
This wesite was founded in 1999 by Rhett A. Butler. He writes most of the articles and takes most of the photos which we can see on the site. The website mainly uses peer-reviewed journals and scientists as sources of information for environmental science articles. Furthermore, the site has been recognized as an important and relyable information source on forests and biodiversity by institutions like NGOs. The site have introduced various media such as Time.com and CNN. I read the other aricles on thonly facts and is website, and I saw that the site fairness. Because they said only facts and didn't say an extreme things. This article explains the effects of deforestation and the number of animals they will be died by 2015. I want to use these information to explain the deforestation. Furthermore, this site has various articles about deforestation, so I would like to use it if I need.
WWF.(2010). Ten to Watch in 2010. Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/problems/ten_to_watch_in_2010/
WWF, World Wide Fund of Nature, is known as the organization for preservation of nature.WWF established in Switzer land on September 11, 1961.
They engage in conservation of forest, ocean, wild animals, and so on. In this website, they offer various articles about world nature. This page shows examples of endangered species. It tells me the causes of extinction. For example, the number of tigers are decreasing because of deforestation. one of the main points of my research paper is deforestation, so i would like to use it for describing the effect of deforestation. WWF is famous fund, so we can relyable this website.
Rachel Nuwer.(June 11, 2012) An InvaderAdvances in Hawaii. Retrieved from http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/an-invader-advances-in-hawaii/
The New york Times is the American daily newspaper. I retrieved this article from the web site. it was founded and started to publish in 1851, and a lot of people read this newspaper. According to this article, mongoose is one of the dangerous invasive animals. they were introduced into hawaii to kill the snakes and protect the suger corn farms. However, they killed not only snakes but also Hawaiian birds and rezards. Some species were extincted because of predation of mongoose. I would like to use it as an example of the invasive animals. The New York Times is the famous newspaper company, so it is relyable and fare source.
Stephoo. (July 25, 2009.)Ten Recently Extinct Animals. Retrieved from http://listverse.com/2009/07/25/10-recently-extinct-animals/
Listverse is a website dedicated to creating Top-10 Lists. The website presents a new unique list each day in any one of our fifteen categories, from art & literature to science & nature.
.It serves over 10 million pages a month to more than 2 million readers.The site is focused on lists that intrigue and educate, specializing in the bizarre or lesser- known trivia. Every day we present a new unique list in any one of our fifteen categories, from art & literature to science & nature. Listverse has been featured on BBC Radio, Radio Scotland, Alabama Radio, BBC Television World News International, and in the New York Times. We regularly feature on the front pages of social networking sites Fark and Reddit.As I found animal extinction list, I want to use it as one of the examples.
5. Find 2 academic sources from Google Scholar (2%) Oct 10
Rhett A Butler,(2008).Deforestation in the Amazon.1-6.Retrieved from http://mrdivis.yolasite.com/resources/Deforestation%20in%20the%20Amazon.pdf
This article talking about deforestation of Amazon. I am going to use it to explain the example of deorestation. According to Rhett, some birds live in Amzon forest decreased because of deforestation. Furthermore Rhett showed some graphs, so I would like to quote the rate of birds death or deforestation.
Mark,A.D. (2003).Biotic Globalization: Does Competition from intrduced Species Threanten Biodiversity.Bioscience.53(5).481-489.Retrieved from http://www.limnoreferences.missouristate.edu/assets/limnoreferences/Davis_2003.pdf
This article said that original animals are threatened by introduced animals such as the brown tree snakes. Introducing this snakes leads to extinction of more than 10 species of birds. By using this example, I want to explain how harmful introducing animals are.
6. Revise your outline (2%) Oct 12
You may have to delete some points that you can't find any information to support; you may add some new points.
Provide in-text citations for your points
<Ｔhesis>
Deforestation, water pollution, and an alien speices of animals accelerate the animal extinction.
1, Desforestation leads to decrease the number of animals.
Decreasing the number of forest
e.g. Brazil: 230,000 square miles of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed since 1970(Rhett, 2008)
Decreasing the place where animals live
e.g.Tigers: decreased by 40% over the past 10 years because of deforestation(WWF.2010)
2, Another reason of animal extinction is water pollution.
Littering
Spoil oil
Polluted water from argriculture
e.g.Oil spill in gulf of Mexico: 3902 seabirds died(Brian.2010)
Plastic bags killing marine animals
3, Finally, an alien species of animals encourage animal extinctoin.
Import and abandonment
Destroying the ecosystem by introduced animals(WWF)
Invasive species cause predation, competition, and crossing with native species
e.g. Mongoose: from Puelto Rico to Hawaii as guardian of suger cane→extinciton 12 reptile & amphibian(HEAR, 2012)
7,000 species are carried around the world in ballast water everyday(IUCN)→new microbe affect native microbe→changing marine ecosystem
7. Write and edit your draft (90%) Oct 15-19
.
First life was born 3.8 billion years ago. Today it is estimated that there are between 5 and 15 million species of micro-organisms, plant, and animals existing on the Earth. Only 1.5 million of them have been discovered and named (IUCN). The total of estimated species includes about 300,000 plants, 4 and 8 million insects, and 50,000 vertebrate, which is the animals with backbone. in the history of the Earth 4.6 billion years, there were five mass extinction - Ordovician period, Devon period, Permian period, Triassic period, and Cretaceous period- and most lives died out because of climate change and natural disaster (John.2010). For example, although the Cretaceous period was the age when dinosaurs ruled the earth, about 70% of them were died because of climate change. Though such mass extinction have occurred in the past, it has not occurred as rapidly and was just a result of the action of sole species (Rhett.2012). Today 50,000 species are vanished in a year. That is to say, more than 100 species are died out every day (IUCN). According to Rhett, present extinction is 1000 to 10,000 times more rapidly and larger scale than mass extinction (Rhett,2012). Furthermore, 23% mammals- 1,130 species- and 12% birds-1,194 species- are considered as threatened now (IUCN). Deforestation, water pollution, and alien species of animals accelerate the animal extinction.
In the forest, there are various plants, insects, birds, and mammals. However, recently people have destroyed the forest due to commercial explosion or misguided government policies and it leads to decrease the number of animals. When it comes to forest, we are able to come to mind a rainforest. Rainforests once covered 14% of the land; now they cover mere 6%. One and one-half acres lost every second (Rhett.2012). Reduction of food is caused the species extinction. Because species help each other whether direct or indirectly, if people fell and burn a lot of trees and the plants, ecosystem is also destroyed. If one species of plants die out by burning the field, insects which eat this plant will also die out because of famine. Next, some birds which prey these insects will also be vanished. Finally, some mammals which eat these birds will also extinct. Thus, single extinction of plant extinction causes other three extinctions. On the other hand, the extinction is also caused by losing habitat. Javan Tiger which lived in Indonesian Island of Java, is one of the extinct animals. As the human population increased, large parts of the island were cultivated, and leaded to a severe diminution of their natural habitat (Stephoo, 2009). Finally, they were died out in 1972. Consequently, deforestation damages the ecosystem and leads to habitat loss.
Another reason of animal extinction is water pollution. Littering, spoil oil and polluted water from agriculture threaten animals living in sea, lake, and river. According to the Time, littering - for instance, plastic debris, fishing nets, fish hook- kill 100,000 animals and a million sea birds every year (Alex.M,2012). A dead gray whale was found at West Seattle beach on April 2010. Cascadia Research Collective, whose experts were among those who performed the necropsy, found a large amount of garbage in its stomach such as more than 20 plastic bags, sweat pants, small towels and so on. Many marine animals are injured, become ill, and die each year due to littering. On the other hand, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, which was occurred on March 23, 1989 at Prince William Sound in Alaska, killed about 2,800 sea otters and 250,000 seabirds. Thus, oil spills sometimes are the reason that it endangers sea animals. Finally, according to the report by Northern Ireland Environment Agency, agricultural pollution has responsible for 46.7% of all fish kill (WWF). For example, the water involving the agricultural chemical soaks into the soil, and then the polluted soil flow into the river by rain. As a result, a large amount of fish will be killed since the river is also polluted. In the last six years a lot of fish have been killed in Iowa states - leaving 5.7 million fish floating dead in rivers and lakes polluted by fertilizer runoff or leakage from hog and cattle manure lagoons (NYTimes.2002). Water pollution, like littering, oil pollution and agricultural pollution, do a serious damage for marine lives.
Finally, an alien species encourage the animal extinction. The alien species come from various ways. Sometimes they attach the luggage accidently, and sometimes people import them on purpose. IUCN states that the impacts of alien species are immense, insidious and irreversible (WWF). Furthermore, according to WWF, hundreds of extinction was caused by invasive species. There are a couple of examples. Mongooses were introduced into Hawaii from Puerto Rico to protect the sugar cane field from rats and snakes. However, they also predated the other animals, and it leaded to 12 reptiles and amphibian extinction (IUCN). Brown tree snakes were introduced into Guam in 1950s. They arrived accidentally in imported cargo. They prayed on native lizards and birds (Colvin.2005). As a result, more than 10 bird species wiped out in only a few decades (Rhett.2012). In addition to the issue of predation or competition between introduced and native animals, crossing among them makes a mixed parentage. Since some mixed parentage are not able to make their children or lost an antibody, they bring on the decreasing of the number of native species. For example, mallard ducks, which were introduced into Hawaii to hunting, endangered native Hawaiian ducks by genetic extinction (Daniel.1996). An alien species predates, competes, and mates with native species, so they have harmful effects on the native.
For the reason above, destroying the forest, water pollution and invasive species lead to the animal extinction. According to the Red list of IUCN, 1,987 animals and plants are endangered to extinction. For protect these animals, we need to do take some actions. First, you must not throw away your pets. You have a responsibility to take care the animals. Second, you must bring back your garbage when you go to beach. The garbage which beachgoers throw away is serious problem to marine ecosystem. Finally, you should reduce the unnecessary trash. Saving the paper may leads to discourage the deforestation. We have to remember that these animals are also the member of the earth. Mere a species extinction leads to another extinction and break the ecological balance. We must not forget that extinction is forever.
Summary and Commentary by Tia Summary More and more animals’ extinction are caused by deforestation, water pollution, and alien species. Firstly, decreasing number of forest causes that many animals lose their homes. For example, in Brazil, which 230,000 square miles of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed since 1970. A lot of various plants, insects, and mammals are live in the forest, so forest reduction will quicken animals’ extinction. We should protect our forests from deforestation. Secondly, water pollution has already become a big problem of the living environment of human being and animals. People’s littering, spoiling oil and agriculture sewage will affect water quality, many marine animals died by these reasons. Finally, alien species will lead to some animal’s extinction. For example, in 1950, brown tree snakes were introduced into Guam. After they’re accidentally arrival, some native lizards and birds have been extinct. According to these information description animals extinction are caused by deforestation, water pollution, and an alien species.
Comment According your essay I can easily know what are the reasons of animal extinction. There are good organized and many convincing evidence to support your topic. Moreover, there are very clear details to describe your opinion. However, you have some incorrect verb from. You can focus on this aspect. After that, you will become a good English writer. Thank you! Tia
.
The research project should have
an introduction, 3 to 4 main points, and one conclusion
at least 4 references: (2 web sources and 2 scholarly articles)
Basic requirements
Table of Contents
Steps to writing a research essay
1. Choose a topic (Oct 4)
What are the causes of animal extinction?2. Post a working outline (2%) Oct 5
☆Ｔhesis
Deforestation, water pollution, and an alien speices of animals accelerate the animal extinction.
1, Desforestation leads to decrease the number of animals.
- Decreasing the number of forest
- Decreasing the place where animals live
2, Another reason of animal extinction is water pollution.- Littering
- Spoil oil
- Polluted water from argriculture
3, Finally, an alien species of animals encourage animal extinctoin.3. Find keywords (1%) Oct 5
invasive species , Red list, environment, competieor, pollution, deforestation, ecosystem, introduced animals, litter, sewage,
abandonment, animal population, risk, habitat, IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)
4. Find and evaluate 2-3 web sources (3%) Oct 9
Michael McCarthy is one of Britain writers on the environment and the natural world. He has three times been Environment Journalist of the Year (1991, 2003 and 2006) and was Specialist Writer of the Year in the British Press Awards in 2001. In 2007 he was awarded the medal of the RSPB for "Oustanding Services to Conservation" – that it has been given to a journalist – and in 2009 he was given the Marsh Award for Lepidoptera Conservation. This website is free from bias because wikipidea said that they published fairly articles. Because this site is news site, it update everyday. In 2009 he published Say Goodbye To The Cuckoo (John Murray), a study of Britain's declining migrant birds. On the other and, Julia Whitty is an environmental correspondent and she is also author of fiction and nonfiction books. She won a prize for her books- Deep Blue Hpme, The Fragile Edge, A Tortoise for the Queen of Tongs. This article is published by the Independent, which is British news paper in London, on April 30, 2007. This article said how many and what kind of animals were died. Furthermore it reffers to cause of animal extinction. So I can use it to conform the reasons of extinct animals and to show the number of those.
Sarah is the IUCN Media Relations officer. I could not find her profile or more details. However, IUCN, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the world's oldest and largest gloval environmental organization. It was founded in 1948 as the world’s first global environmental organization. It consists of about 11,000 voluntary scientists and experts. Furthermore, more than 200+ government and 900+ non-government organization help the IUCN. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. The Union’s headquarters are located in Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland. So I think this website and articles are relyable sources for my research paper. This articles akso said about the nuber and kinds of extinct animals.
This wesite was founded in 1999 by Rhett A. Butler. He writes most of the articles and takes most of the photos which we can see on the site. The website mainly uses peer-reviewed journals and scientists as sources of information for environmental science articles. Furthermore, the site has been recognized as an important and relyable information source on forests and biodiversity by institutions like NGOs. The site have introduced various media such as Time.com and CNN. I read the other aricles on thonly facts and is website, and I saw that the site fairness. Because they said only facts and didn't say an extreme things. This article explains the effects of deforestation and the number of animals they will be died by 2015. I want to use these information to explain the deforestation. Furthermore, this site has various articles about deforestation, so I would like to use it if I need.
WWF, World Wide Fund of Nature, is known as the organization for preservation of nature.WWF established in Switzer land on September 11, 1961.
They engage in conservation of forest, ocean, wild animals, and so on. In this website, they offer various articles about world nature. This page shows examples of endangered species. It tells me the causes of extinction. For example, the number of tigers are decreasing because of deforestation. one of the main points of my research paper is deforestation, so i would like to use it for describing the effect of deforestation. WWF is famous fund, so we can relyable this website.
The New york Times is the American daily newspaper. I retrieved this article from the web site. it was founded and started to publish in 1851, and a lot of people read this newspaper. According to this article, mongoose is one of the dangerous invasive animals. they were introduced into hawaii to kill the snakes and protect the suger corn farms. However, they killed not only snakes but also Hawaiian birds and rezards. Some species were extincted because of predation of mongoose. I would like to use it as an example of the invasive animals. The New York Times is the famous newspaper company, so it is relyable and fare source.
Listverse is a website dedicated to creating Top-10 Lists. The website presents a new unique list each day in any one of our fifteen categories, from art & literature to science & nature.
.It serves over 10 million pages a month to more than 2 million readers.The site is focused on lists that intrigue and educate, specializing in the bizarre or lesser- known trivia. Every day we present a new unique list in any one of our fifteen categories, from art & literature to science & nature. Listverse has been featured on BBC Radio, Radio Scotland, Alabama Radio, BBC Television World News International, and in the New York Times. We regularly feature on the front pages of social networking sites Fark and Reddit.As I found animal extinction list, I want to use it as one of the examples.
5. Find 2 academic sources from Google Scholar (2%) Oct 10
This article talking about deforestation of Amazon. I am going to use it to explain the example of deorestation. According to Rhett, some birds live in Amzon forest decreased because of deforestation. Furthermore Rhett showed some graphs, so I would like to quote the rate of birds death or deforestation.
This article said that original animals are threatened by introduced animals such as the brown tree snakes. Introducing this snakes leads to extinction of more than 10 species of birds. By using this example, I want to explain how harmful introducing animals are.
6. Revise your outline (2%) Oct 12
- You may have to delete some points that you can't find any information to support; you may add some new points.
- Provide in-text citations for your points
<Ｔhesis>Deforestation, water pollution, and an alien speices of animals accelerate the animal extinction.
1, Desforestation leads to decrease the number of animals.
- Decreasing the number of forest
- Decreasing the place where animals live
2, Another reason of animal extinction is water pollution.e.g. Brazil: 230,000 square miles of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed since 1970(Rhett, 2008)
e.g.Tigers: decreased by 40% over the past 10 years because of deforestation(WWF.2010)
- Littering
- Spoil oil
- Polluted water from argriculture
3, Finally, an alien species of animals encourage animal extinctoin.e.g.Oil spill in gulf of Mexico: 3902 seabirds died(Brian.2010)
Plastic bags killing marine animals
e.g. Mongoose: from Puelto Rico to Hawaii as guardian of suger cane→extinciton 12 reptile & amphibian(HEAR, 2012)
7,000 species are carried around the world in ballast water everyday(IUCN)→new microbe affect native microbe→changing marine ecosystem
7. Write and edit your draft (90%) Oct 15-19
.
First life was born 3.8 billion years ago. Today it is estimated that there are between 5 and 15 million species of micro-organisms, plant, and animals existing on the Earth. Only 1.5 million of them have been discovered and named (IUCN). The total of estimated species includes about 300,000 plants, 4 and 8 million insects, and 50,000 vertebrate, which is the animals with backbone. in the history of the Earth 4.6 billion years, there were five mass extinction - Ordovician period, Devon period, Permian period, Triassic period, and Cretaceous period- and most lives died out because of climate change and natural disaster (John.2010). For example, although the Cretaceous period was the age when dinosaurs ruled the earth, about 70% of them were died because of climate change. Though such mass extinction have occurred in the past, it has not occurred as rapidly and was just a result of the action of sole species (Rhett.2012). Today 50,000 species are vanished in a year. That is to say, more than 100 species are died out every day (IUCN). According to Rhett, present extinction is 1000 to 10,000 times more rapidly and larger scale than mass extinction (Rhett,2012). Furthermore, 23% mammals- 1,130 species- and 12% birds-1,194 species- are considered as threatened now (IUCN). Deforestation, water pollution, and alien species of animals accelerate the animal extinction.
In the forest, there are various plants, insects, birds, and mammals. However, recently people have destroyed the forest due to commercial explosion or misguided government policies and it leads to decrease the number of animals. When it comes to forest, we are able to come to mind a rainforest. Rainforests once covered 14% of the land; now they cover mere 6%. One and one-half acres lost every second (Rhett.2012). Reduction of food is caused the species extinction. Because species help each other whether direct or indirectly, if people fell and burn a lot of trees and the plants, ecosystem is also destroyed. If one species of plants die out by burning the field, insects which eat this plant will also die out because of famine. Next, some birds which prey these insects will also be vanished. Finally, some mammals which eat these birds will also extinct. Thus, single extinction of plant extinction causes other three extinctions. On the other hand, the extinction is also caused by losing habitat. Javan Tiger which lived in Indonesian Island of Java, is one of the extinct animals. As the human population increased, large parts of the island were cultivated, and leaded to a severe diminution of their natural habitat (Stephoo, 2009). Finally, they were died out in 1972. Consequently, deforestation damages the ecosystem and leads to habitat loss.
Another reason of animal extinction is water pollution. Littering, spoil oil and polluted water from agriculture threaten animals living in sea, lake, and river. According to the Time, littering - for instance, plastic debris, fishing nets, fish hook- kill 100,000 animals and a million sea birds every year (Alex.M,2012). A dead gray whale was found at West Seattle beach on April 2010. Cascadia Research Collective, whose experts were among those who performed the necropsy, found a large amount of garbage in its stomach such as more than 20 plastic bags, sweat pants, small towels and so on. Many marine animals are injured, become ill, and die each year due to littering. On the other hand, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, which was occurred on March 23, 1989 at Prince William Sound in Alaska, killed about 2,800 sea otters and 250,000 seabirds. Thus, oil spills sometimes are the reason that it endangers sea animals. Finally, according to the report by Northern Ireland Environment Agency, agricultural pollution has responsible for 46.7% of all fish kill (WWF). For example, the water involving the agricultural chemical soaks into the soil, and then the polluted soil flow into the river by rain. As a result, a large amount of fish will be killed since the river is also polluted. In the last six years a lot of fish have been killed in Iowa states - leaving 5.7 million fish floating dead in rivers and lakes polluted by fertilizer runoff or leakage from hog and cattle manure lagoons (NYTimes.2002). Water pollution, like littering, oil pollution and agricultural pollution, do a serious damage for marine lives.
Finally, an alien species encourage the animal extinction. The alien species come from various ways. Sometimes they attach the luggage accidently, and sometimes people import them on purpose. IUCN states that the impacts of alien species are immense, insidious and irreversible (WWF). Furthermore, according to WWF, hundreds of extinction was caused by invasive species. There are a couple of examples. Mongooses were introduced into Hawaii from Puerto Rico to protect the sugar cane field from rats and snakes. However, they also predated the other animals, and it leaded to 12 reptiles and amphibian extinction (IUCN). Brown tree snakes were introduced into Guam in 1950s. They arrived accidentally in imported cargo. They prayed on native lizards and birds (Colvin.2005). As a result, more than 10 bird species wiped out in only a few decades (Rhett.2012). In addition to the issue of predation or competition between introduced and native animals, crossing among them makes a mixed parentage. Since some mixed parentage are not able to make their children or lost an antibody, they bring on the decreasing of the number of native species. For example, mallard ducks, which were introduced into Hawaii to hunting, endangered native Hawaiian ducks by genetic extinction (Daniel.1996). An alien species predates, competes, and mates with native species, so they have harmful effects on the native.
For the reason above, destroying the forest, water pollution and invasive species lead to the animal extinction. According to the Red list of IUCN, 1,987 animals and plants are endangered to extinction. For protect these animals, we need to do take some actions. First, you must not throw away your pets. You have a responsibility to take care the animals. Second, you must bring back your garbage when you go to beach. The garbage which beachgoers throw away is serious problem to marine ecosystem. Finally, you should reduce the unnecessary trash. Saving the paper may leads to discourage the deforestation. We have to remember that these animals are also the member of the earth. Mere a species extinction leads to another extinction and break the ecological balance. We must not forget that extinction is forever.
Summary and Commentary by Tia
Summary
More and more animals’ extinction are caused by deforestation, water pollution, and alien species. Firstly, decreasing number of forest causes that many animals lose their homes. For example, in Brazil, which 230,000 square miles of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed since 1970. A lot of various plants, insects, and mammals are live in the forest, so forest reduction will quicken animals’ extinction. We should protect our forests from deforestation. Secondly, water pollution has already become a big problem of the living environment of human being and animals. People’s littering, spoiling oil and agriculture sewage will affect water quality, many marine animals died by these reasons. Finally, alien species will lead to some animal’s extinction. For example, in 1950, brown tree snakes were introduced into Guam. After they’re accidentally arrival, some native lizards and birds have been extinct. According to these information description animals extinction are caused by deforestation, water pollution, and an alien species.
Comment
According your essay I can easily know what are the reasons of animal extinction. There are good organized and many convincing evidence to support your topic. Moreover, there are very clear details to describe your opinion. However, you have some incorrect verb from. You can focus on this aspect. After that, you will become a good English writer. Thank you! Tia
.